Name: 
 

Heredity Review


Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 1. 
In a Punnett square, a capital letter (T) stands for a ______ allele.
a.
dominant
c.
recessive
b.
heterozygous
d.
sex-linked
 

 2. 
The combination Tt represents a ______ genotype.
a.
heterozygous
c.
purebred
b.
homozygous
d.
sex-linked
 

 3. 
Experiments with four o’clock flowers produced examples of ______ dominance.
a.
heterozygous
c.
incomplete
b.
homozygous
d.
recessive
 

 4. 
Blood type is an example of ______.
a.
multiple alleles
c.
polygenic inheritance
b.
a pair of genes
d.
sex-linked genes
 

 5. 
Color blindness is an example of ______.
a.
a sex-linked disorder
c.
a genetic disorder
b.
incomplete dominance
d.
polygenic inheritance
 

 6. 
Genetic engineering has already helped people by ______.
a.
altering pedigrees
b.
curing Down’s syndrome
c.
eliminating infant deaths
d.
producing medicine
 

 7. 
Through recombinant DNA, scientists have been able to ______.
a.
cure color blindness
c.
alter viruses
b.
create new breeds of dogs
d.
improve tomatoes
 

Completion
Complete each statement.
 
 
Complete the following sentences using the terms listed below.

alleles
genetic engineering
dominant
genetics
genotype
heredity
heterozygous
homozygous
incomplete dominance
phenotype
polygenic inheritance
Punnett square
recessive
sex-linked gene
hybrid
 

 8. 
The allele for hemophilia is on the X chromosome and is a ____________________.
 

 

 9. 
____________________ is the passing of traits from one generation to another.
 

 

 10. 
The different forms a gene may have for a trait are called ____________________.
 

 

 11. 
In ____________________ both alleles are expressed in offspring.
 

 

 12. 
A plant that receives different genetic information from each parent is a ____________________.
 

 

 13. 
A ____________________ trait covers up other traits.
 

 

 14. 
In a Punnett square, a small letter (t) stands for a ____________________ allele.
 

 

 15. 
A tool used to predict the possible offspring of a mating is called a ____________________.
 

 

 16. 
The genetic makeup of an organism is called its ____________________.
 

 

 17. 
____________________ is the way an organism looks and behaves a result of its genotype.
 

 

 18. 
The study of how traits are inherited through the interactions of alleles is ____________________.
 

 

 19. 
Through ____________________ scientists are experimenting to change the arrangement of DNA in a gene.
 

 

 20. 
An organism with two alleles that are exactly the same is ____________________.
 

 

 21. 
____________________ occurs when a group of gene pairs acts together to produce a single trait.
 

 

 22. 
An organism that has two different alleles for a trait is ____________________.
 

 

Matching
 
 
Match each item with the correct statement below. Some items may not be used.
a.
recombinant DNA
h.
incomplete dominance
b.
dominant
i.
pedigree
c.
genetics
j.
phenotype
d.
genotype
k.
polygenic inheritance
e.
heredity
l.
probability
f.
heterozygous
m.
recessive
g.
gene therapy
n.
sex-linked gene
 

 23. 

 passing of traits from one generation to another
 

 24. 

 inserting DNA into bacteria
 

 25. 

 study of inheritance
 

 26. 

 an allele inherited on a sex chromosome
 

 27. 

 a trait that is hidden
 

 28. 

 the chance that an event will take place
 

 29. 

 genetic makeup of an organism
 

 30. 

 a normal allele is placed into a virus
 

 31. 

 physical appearance resulting from genotype
 

 32. 

 both alleles are expressed in offspring
 

 33. 

 more than one set of genes controls a trait
 

Short Answer
 
 
Study the meanings of the prefixes listed below. Then identify a word that contains a prefix from the list next to its definition.

hetero—differenthomo—samepoly—many
 

 34. 
an organism whose two alleles for a trait are exactly the same
 

 35. 
an organism with two different alleles for a trait
 

 36. 
a type of inheritance where more than one gene controls a trait
 

 37. 
State the three main points of how traits are inherited.
 

 38. 
Give an example of multiple alleles.
 

 39. 
Give an example of polygenic inheritance.
 

 40. 
Describe a genetic disorder.
 

 41. 
Describe genetic engineering and give one example of it.
 

 42. 
How could two parents with blood types A and B have a child with blood type O?
 

 43. 
What would be the genotypes of these parents?
 

 44. 
Complete the Punnett square by identifying the parental genotypes in the correct places and determining the possible genotypes of the offspring.

Dominant gene: curly hair (H)
Recessive gene: straight hair (h)  
Parents: Hh ´ hh  

What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring?
 
 
Skill: Observing and Inferring

Fur length is an inherited trait in guinea pigs. Short fur is dominant (F) and long fur is recessive (f).
 

 45. 
From your study of Mendel’s experiments, infer how two parents with short fur could have offspring with long fur.
 

 46. 
What letters would be used to represent the genotype of these parents?
 

 47. 
Describe the phenotype of these parents.
 

 48. 
Gregor Mendel’s work can be summed up in three main ideas:

1.      ________________________________________________________
2.      ________________________________________________________
3.      ________________________________________________________
 

 49. 
Compare and contrast phenotypes and genotypes.
 

 50. 
Study the genetics problems below. Complete the Punnett squares by writing the parent genotypes in the correct place and determining the offspring genotypes. Then, describe each phenotype.

1.      Dominant: chin cleft (C)
Recessive: no cleft (c)
Parents: CC ´ cc
 
2.      Dominant: dimples (D)
Recessive: no dimples (d)
Parents: Dd ´ D
     
     

3. phenotype 1: _______________________________________

4. phenotype 2: _______________________________________
 

 51. 
Explain how scientists have attempted to improve crop plants.
 



 
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