Matching
|
|
|
Match each term with the correct definition. a. | neutron | h. | half-life | b. | mass number | i. | isotopes | c. | atomic
number | j. | transmutation | d. | element | k. | alpha particle | e. | beta
particle | l. | proton | f. | electron cloud | m. | radioactive decay | g. | electron | n. | average atomic mass |
|
|
1.
|
matter that is made up of only one kind of atom
|
|
2.
|
a negatively charged particle that is part of every kind of matter
|
|
3.
|
a positively charged particle that is present in the nucleus of all
atoms
|
|
4.
|
uncharged particle in the nucleus of an atom
|
|
5.
|
region surrounding the nucleus in which the electrons move about
|
|
6.
|
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of an element
|
|
7.
|
atoms of the same element that have different numbers of neutrons
|
|
8.
|
the number of neutrons plus protons in the nucleus of an atom
|
|
9.
|
the mass of the mixture of the isotopes for an element
|
|
10.
|
the release of nuclear particles and energy
|
|
11.
|
the changing of one element into another element through radioactive
decay
|
|
12.
|
particle consisting of two protons and two neutrons
|
|
13.
|
a high-energy electron that comes from the nucleus, not from the electron
cloud
|
|
14.
|
the amount of time required for half a sample of a radioactive isotope to
decay
|
|
|
Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | alkali metals | k. | metals | b. | alkaline earth metals | l. | metalloids | c. | ductile | m. | noble gases | d. | atomic number | n. | nonmetals | e. | actinides | o. | period | f. | group | p. | mass number | g. | halogens | q. | representative elements | h. | hydrogen | r. | semiconductors | i. | lanthanides | s. | transition elements | j. | malleable |
|
|
15.
|
elements that are gases or brittle solids and poor conductors of heat and
electricity
|
|
16.
|
basis for arranging elements in modern periodic table
|
|
17.
|
able to be hammered into thin sheets
|
|
18.
|
series of radioactive elements
|
|
19.
|
a row of elements in the periodic table whose properties change gradually and
predictability
|
|
20.
|
elements that show moderate electrical conductivity
|
|
21.
|
silvery solids with low densities and low melting points found in Group
1
|
|
22.
|
elements that show properties of both metals and nonmetals
|
|
23.
|
elements in Groups 3 through 12 of the periodic table
|
|
24.
|
only nonmetal in Group 1
|
|
25.
|
most chemically inactive group of elements
|
|
26.
|
another name for Group 2 elements
|
|
27.
|
group of elements that form salts
|
|
28.
|
most elements fall into this classification
|
|
29.
|
series of elements that are sometimes called the rare earths
|
|
|
Classify the elements described below as a metal, nonmetal, or
metalloid. a. | metal | b. | nonmetal | c. | metalloid |
|
|
30.
|
a gas at room temperature
|
|
31.
|
a poor conductor of electricity
|
|
32.
|
can be used as a semiconductor
|
|
33.
|
can be hammered into thin sheets
|
|
34.
|
has a dull appearance and is brittle
|
|
35.
|
a transition element
|
|
36.
|
used for computer chips
|
|
37.
|
can be drawn out into a thin wire
|
Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
|
|
38.
|
____ contain(s) only one kind of atom.
a. | Matter | c. | Chemicals | b. | Elements | d. | Radioactive
materials |
|
|
39.
|
A(n) ____ is the basic unit of matter.
a. | electron | c. | atom | b. | molecule | d. | space |
|
|
40.
|
Particles in an atom’s nucleus that do not have an electric charge are
called ____.
a. | neutrons | c. | ions | b. | electrons | d. | protons |
|
|
41.
|
The atomic mass of an atom consists of the mass of the ____.
a. | protons and neutrons | c. | neutrons and electrons | b. | protons and
electrons | d. | neutrons,
protons, and electrons |
|
|
42.
|
In an atom, the electrons can be found in the ____.
a. | nucleus | c. | isotope | b. | neutron | d. | electron cloud |
|
|
43.
|
J. J. Thomson used the fact that ____ charges attract each other in his
cathode-ray tube experiment.
a. | like | c. | atomic | b. | neutral | d. | opposite |
|
|
44.
|
The mass number of an isotope is the number of ____.
a. | electrons and protons | c. | neutrons | b. | neutrons and protons | d. | protons |
|
|
45.
|
Isotopes are atoms of the same element that have a different number of
____.
a. | protons | c. | neutrons | b. | electrons | d. | nuclei |
|
|
46.
|
To find the number of neutrons in an isotope, subtract the____.
a. | atomic number from the mass number | b. | mass number from the atomic
number | c. | number of isotopes from the mass number | d. | number of protons
from the number of electrons |
|
|
47.
|
The most stable isotope of an atom with 12 protons probably has ____
neutrons.
|
|
48.
|
The strong nuclear force holds the ____ together.
a. | protons | c. | nucleus | b. | neutrons | d. | electrons |
|
|
49.
|
Radioactive decay is the release of ____.
a. | radios | c. | nuclear particles and energy | b. | isotopes | d. | light |
|
|
50.
|
A(n) ____ particle consists of two protons and two neutrons.
a. | gamma | c. | beta | b. | alpha | d. | omega |
|
|
51.
|
The changing of one element into another in radioactive decay is called
____.
a. | transmutation | c. | half-life | b. | radiation | d. | a chain
reaction |
|
|
52.
|
Radioactive decay can be affected by ____.
a. | the weather | c. | increased pressure | b. | magnetic fields | d. | none of these |
|
|
53.
|
A radioactive isotope has a half-life of 100 years. A sample of 40 g of the
isotope will have a mass of ____ g in 200 years.
|
|
54.
|
Tracer elements can be used without danger to people because they have ____
half-lives.
a. | short | c. | strong | b. | long | d. | nonexistent |
|
|
55.
|
A noble gas has ____.
a. | twice as many neutrons as protons | c. | no nucleus | b. | a stable outer
energy level | d. | an ionic
bond |
|
|
56.
|
At the center of an atom is a nucleus containing ____.
a. | molecules | c. | neutrons and electrons | b. | electrons | d. | protons and neutrons |
|
|
57.
|
When an atom gains an electron and becomes negatively charged, we refer to it as
a(n) ____.
a. | negative ion | c. | positive ion | b. | electron | d. | molecule |
|
|
58.
|
A molecule consisting of two hydrogen atoms joined in a covalent bond would be
written as ____.
|
|
59.
|
For a neutral atom of an element, the number of ____ is always the same.
a. | ions and electrons | c. | neutrons and protons | b. | protons and electrons | d. | atoms and
molecules |
|
|
60.
|
Removing electrons that are closer to the nucleus takes ____than removing
electrons that are farther away from the nucleus.
a. | more energy | c. | less energy | b. | an equal amount of energy | d. | more time |
|
|
61.
|
A sodium atom that is positively charged is written as ____.
|
|
62.
|
The bond that forms between atoms when they share electrons is called a(n) ____
bond.
a. | ionic | c. | atomic | b. | covalent | d. | shared |
|
|
63.
|
Atoms form ____ with other atoms and become more stable.
a. | chemical bonds | c. | acids | b. | neutrons | d. | bases |
|
|
64.
|
An ion is an atom that has ____ or ____ an electron.
a. | shared; lost | c. | borrowed; shared | b. | multiplied; divided | d. | gained; lost |
|
|
65.
|
A(n) ____ is a pure substance that contains two or more elements.
a. | molecule | c. | compound | b. | particle | d. | ion |
|
|
66.
|
When a positively charged ion and a negatively charged ion are attracted to each
other, the bond they form is referred to as a(n) ____ bond.
a. | ionic | c. | atomic | b. | covalent | d. | shared |
|
|
67.
|
When two or more atoms share electrons unevenly, resulting in a positive charge
on one end and a negative charge on the other, they are held together by a(n) ____ bond.
a. | neutral | c. | ionic | b. | polar | d. | nonpolar |
|
|
68.
|
A ____ is a covalent bond involving two pairs of electrons.
a. | double bond | c. | single bond | b. | dioxide | d. | double ion |
|
|
69.
|
A molecule of carbon monoxide, CO, has ____ atoms.
a. | one | c. | two | b. | fourteen | d. | three |
|
|
70.
|
A(n) ____ is a combination of chemical symbols and numbers that tells which
elements are present in a molecule and how many atoms of each element are present.
a. | formula | c. | periodic table | b. | electron dot diagram | d. | elemental chart |
|
|
71.
|
A molecule is the neutral particle formed when ____.
a. | an atom is neutral | c. | an atom ionizes | b. | atoms share electrons | d. | atoms share
neutrons |
|
Modified True/False Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
|
|
72.
|
A proton is a positively charged particle present in the nucleus of all
atoms. _________________________
|
|
73.
|
The mass of a proton is much greater than the mass of a neutron.
_________________________
|
|
74.
|
Atoms of the same element can have a different number of neutrons.
_________________________
|
|
75.
|
Dalton believed that the atom was a hard sphere that was the same
throughout. _________________________
|
|
76.
|
J. J. Thomson did experiments that showed that atoms cannot be divided
into smaller particles. _________________________
|
|
77.
|
Rutherford’s experiment showed that alpha particles could pass through
foil because most of an atom is neutrally charged. _________________________
|
|
78.
|
The strong nuclear force can hold the protons of an atom together only if the
protons are far apart. _________________________
|
|
79.
|
Once a living organism dies, the amount of carbon-14 cannot be replaced.
_________________________
|
|
80.
|
The nonmetals are not very important. _________________________
|
|
81.
|
Silicon and germanium are used in electronics as semiconductors.
_________________________
|
|
82.
|
The element silver is widely used in dentistry. _________________________
|
|
83.
|
All transition elements are metals. _________________________
|
|
84.
|
Most of the actinides occur naturally in Earth’s crust.
_________________________
|
|
85.
|
Lithium and sodium are members of the alkali metal family.
_________________________
|
|
86.
|
Bromine and mercury are liquids at room temperature.
_________________________
|
|
87.
|
A period contains elements that have similar properties.
_________________________
|
|
88.
|
Helium, argon, and radon are members of the halogen family.
_________________________
|
|
89.
|
The most active metals are found in the noble gas family.
_________________________
|