Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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The explanation that species evolve by keeping traits that their parents
developed during their lives was proposed by ______.
a. | Darwin | c. | Laughlin | b. | Lamarck | d. | Slaughter |
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2.
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The theory of ______ states that organisms with traits best suited to their
environment are more likely to survive and reproduce.
a. | acquired characteristics | c. | natural
selection | b. | embryology | d. | survival of the smartest |
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3.
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Variations are important in populations because they can lead to ______.
a. | better environments | c. | more fossils | b. | less evolution | d. | new species |
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4.
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The movements of individuals into or out of a population provides a source of
______ to a population.
a. | mutations | c. | variation | b. | punctuated equilibrium | d. | camouflage |
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5.
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Most fossils are found in ______.
a. | bones | c. | sedimentary rock | b. | mollusk shells | d. | wood |
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6.
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Scientists can estimate the age of a fossil by comparing the amount of ______
with the amount of ______.
a. | sediment; radioactive element | b. | fossils; variation | c. | sediment;
fossils | d. | radioactive element; nonradioactive element |
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7.
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The fossil record is ______.
a. | vestigial | c. | unimportant | b. | complete | d. | incomplete |
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8.
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DNA studies show that the closest relative of a bear is the ______.
a. | dog | c. | sloth | b. | gorilla | d. | wolverine |
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9.
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All of the following EXCEPT ______ provide evidence for evolution.
a. | homologous structures | c. | vestigial structures | b. | acquired characteristics | d. | embryology |
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10.
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______ is/are NOT a characteristic of all primates.
a. | Binocular vision | c. | Flexible shoulders | b. | A large brain | d. | Opposable
thumbs |
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11.
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______ is NOT a characteristic of Australopithecus.
a. | Using stone tools | b. | Having a small brain | c. | Walking
upright | d. | Having a humanlike jaw and teeth |
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12.
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______ is NOT a characteristic of hominids.
a. | Eating meat | c. | Burying their dead | b. | Eating vegetables | d. | Walking upright |
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13.
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Homo habilis was given its name because ______.
a. | its brain cavity was very small | c. | stone tools were found near
it | b. | its jaw was human-like | d. | it was found in East Africa |
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14.
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The species Homo sapiens means ______.
a. | “handy man” | c. | “tool-using
man” | b. | “southern ape” | d. | “wise human” |
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15.
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______ was the least like modern humans.
a. | Australopithecus | c. | Homo habilis | b. | Cro-Magnon | d. | Neanderthal |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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Unscramble the letters to form the correct word for each
definition.
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16.
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tenivuloo—change in hereditary features over time
____________________
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17.
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sieecps—similar organisms whose members successfully reproduce
____________________
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18.
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noitaviar—a difference in an inherited trait of an organism that may lead
to new species ____________________
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19.
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aaluntr einelctos—organisms with traits best suited to their environments
are more likely to survive ____________________
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20.
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smilarguda—evolution model showing slow change ____________________
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21.
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slifsos—remains of once-living things ____________________
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22.
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yinemesardt—fossils are found in this type of rock
____________________
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23.
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tevariel gidtan—method to estimate the age of fossils
____________________
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24.
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gleomyrybo—study of organisms in their earliest stages
____________________
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25.
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slietavgi retuctrus—body part with no apparent function
____________________
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26.
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glosomuhoo—body parts similar in origin and structure
____________________
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27.
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uttupncdea ibimurleuiq—rapid evolution can come about by the mutation of
just a few genes ____________________
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28.
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acitrovaeid emtelne—element that gives off a form of atomic energy
____________________
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29.
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starpemi—mammal group that includes apes and humans
____________________
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30.
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smidhoni—humanlike primates that walked upright
____________________
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31.
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mooh spineas—a species known as the “wise human”
____________________
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Identify the type of evidence each example provides for evolution using the
terms in the list below.
DNA studies | a fossil | embryology | vestigial structure | homologous structures | | | | |
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32.
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a mineralized shell ____________________
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33.
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the tail and gills in developing mammals ____________________
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34.
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the human appendix ____________________
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35.
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a frog forelimb and a bat wing ____________________
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36.
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similar DNA in chimpanzees and humans ____________________
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37.
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a mineralized shell ____________________
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38.
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the tail and gills in developing mammals ____________________
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39.
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the human appendix ____________________
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40.
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a frog forelimb and a bat wing ____________________
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41.
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similar DNA in chimpanzees and humans ____________________
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Identify each hominid by using the names listed below.
| Homo habilis | Cro-Magnon | Australopithecus | Neanderthal | | | | |
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42.
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small brain cavity, but humanlike jaw and teeth ____________________
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43.
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larger brain than former ancestor; made small stone tools
____________________
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44.
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short, heavy body; hunted with well-made stone tools ____________________
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45.
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physical appearance almost identical to modern humans; cared for their elderly
and buried their dead ____________________
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Classify the following as an example of gradualism or
punctuated equilibrium.
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46.
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Species of bacteria show resistance to antibiotics. ____________________
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47.
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Fossils show a sequence of differences between the earliest camels and the
camels of today. ____________________
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48.
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Mutations produce large changes in a population in a short period of time.
____________________
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Matching
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Match each item with the correct statement below. Some items may not be
used. a. | evolution | f. | natural selection | b. | fossil | g. | punctuated equilibrium | c. | gradualism | h. | species | d. | hominid | i. | variation | e. | homologous | j. | vestigial structure |
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49.
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body part with no apparent function
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50.
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change in hereditary features over time
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51.
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model of evolution showing rapid change
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52.
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group of organisms whose members look alike and successfully reproduce
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53.
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remains of life from another time
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54.
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shares common characteristics with gorillas
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55.
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body part similar in origin and structure
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56.
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model of evolution showing slow change
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Match each item with the correct statement below. a. | Homo habilis | c. | Neanderthal | b. | Cro-Magnon | d. | Australopithecus |
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57.
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lived in South Africa 2.9 to 3.4 million years ago
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58.
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lived in East Africa 1.5 to 2 million years ago
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59.
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lived in family groups in caves in Africa 125,000 to 35,000 years ago
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60.
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lived in Europe, Asia, and Australia in art-decorated caves 40,000 to 10,000
years ago
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Short Answer
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61.
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Describe the main idea of Lamarck’s hypothesis of acquired
characteristics.
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62.
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Describe the main idea of Darwin’s theory of evolution by natural
selection.
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63.
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Discuss how gradualism and punctuated equilibrium describe the rate of
evolution.
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64.
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Explain the importance of fossils as evidence of evolution.
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65.
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Describe the traits that are characteristic of primates.
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66.
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Place the following scientific findings in order from oldest (1) to most
recent (5).
1. Lucy, an
almost complete Australopithecus skeleton, was found.
2. Lamarck
proposed one of the first explanations of how species change.
3.
Homo habilis was discovered.
4. The fossil skull Australopithecus
was discovered.
5. Darwin published a book on his theory of
evolution by natural selection.
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67.
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List five types of evidence for evolution, and give an example of each
type.
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68.
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Compare Lamarck’s theory of evolution with Darwin’s theory of
evolution by listing a major difference in the theories.
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69.
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Describe one of the factors in natural selection.
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70.
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List the hominids named below in order from oldest to most
recent.
| Homo habilis | Cro-Magnon | Australopithecus | Neanderthal | | | | |
a. ___________________
(oldest)
b. ___________________
c.
___________________
d. ___________________ (most
recent)
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71.
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Complete the paragraph by filling in the blanks.
Darwin said that five factors govern natural selection: (1) organisms
produce more a)____; (2) variations are found among individuals of a species; (3) variations
are passed on to offspring; (4) some variations are better for b)____; and (5) over time,
offspring of individuals with advantageous variations c)____.
Sometimes evolution can be directly observed. For instance, plant breeders
observe evolution when they use crossbreeding to produce genetic changes in plants. Evolution is more
often observed indirectly through evidence for evolution. Evidence for evolution includes the
d)____ record; e)____structures such as the human appendix; f)____ structures,
such as the porpoise flipper and bat wing; DNA; and g)____, the study of embryos.
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72.
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Descriptions of hominids are listed in the table below. Complete teh table by
writing the name of the hominid (Homo habilis, Cro-Magnon, Neanderthal, or
Australopithecus) next to its description.
| Name | Characteristics | | 1. | small brain cavity, but humanlike jaw and teeth | | 2. | larger brain than former ancestor; made small stone
tools | | 3. | short, heavy body;
hunted with well-made stone tools | | 4. | physical appearance almost identical to modern humans; cared for their elderly and
buried their dead | | |
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