Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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A(n) ____ is a particle in an atom with a positive charge.
a. | electron | c. | neutron | b. | isotope | d. | proton |
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2.
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Each of these is an example of matter EXCEPT ____.
a. | a cloud | c. | a dust particle | b. | a beam of light | d. | air |
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3.
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An atom of the element with atomic number 6 always has ____.
a. | six electron clouds | c. | six protons in its nucleus | b. | more than six
neutrons | d. | an atomic mass of
six |
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4.
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The atomic number of an element tells the number of ____ in the nucleus of an
atom of that element.
a. | neutrons | c. | protons | b. | electrons | d. | isotopes |
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5.
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Rutherford’s experiment showed that most of an atom is made up of
____.
a. | an electron cloud | c. | alpha particles | b. | a nucleus | d. | empty space |
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6.
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Isotopes of an element contain different numbers of ____.
a. | electrons | c. | protons | b. | neutrons | d. | energy levels |
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7.
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Water is an example of a(n) ____.
a. | compound | c. | homogeneous mixture | b. | heterogeneous mixture | d. | element |
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8.
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Most elements found on the left side of the periodic table are ____.
a. | metals | c. | brittle | b. | metalloids | d. | nonmetals |
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9.
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Air is an example of a ____.
a. | heterogeneous mixture | c. | substance | b. | compound | d. | homogeneous
mixture |
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10.
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____ developed a model called the atomic theory of matter.
a. | John Dalton | c. | Democritus | b. | Ernest Rutherford | d. | J. J. Thompson |
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11.
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During Chadwick’s experiments, streams of ____ were unaffected by an
electric field.
a. | alpha particles | c. | electrons | b. | neutrons | d. | protons |
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12.
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____ small particles that make up most types of matter on Earth.
a. | Compounds | c. | Mixtures | b. | Elements | d. | Atoms |
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13.
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Matter that is NOT considered to be a single substance is a(n) ____.
a. | compound | c. | mixture | b. | element | d. | isotope |
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14.
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A property NOT associated with metals is ____.
a. | electric conductivity | c. | shininess | b. | ductility | d. | brittleness |
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15.
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It would probably be easiest to ride a bicycle across ____.
a. | a sidewalk | c. | sand | b. | the grass | d. | gravel |
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16.
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The force that always acts opposite to the direction of the motion of an object
is called ____.
a. | gravity | c. | friction | b. | inertia | d. | none of these |
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17.
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According to Newton’s third law, forces always occur in ____ pairs.
a. | equal but opposite | c. | unequal but complementary | b. | unequal but
opposite | d. | equal but
complementary |
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18.
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Newton first described gravity while watching ____.
a. | smoke rise | c. | someone walking | b. | a car accelerate | d. | an apple
falling |
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19.
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You would NOT use ____ to find the acceleration of an object.
a. | time | c. | final speed | b. | initial speed | d. | weight |
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20.
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Newton’s ____ law of motion explains why you may lean sideways in a car if
the driver turns a corner too quickly.
a. | primary | c. | second | b. | first | d. | third |
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21.
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____ is the speed of an object and its direction of motion.
a. | Friction | c. | Gravity | b. | Mass | d. | Velocity |
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22.
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To calculate an average speed, you would use ____.
a. | weight and time | c. | acceleration | b. | weight and distance | d. | distance and
time |
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23.
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____ is used to describe an object slowing down because of decreasing
speed.
a. | Acceleration | c. | Negative acceleration | b. | Average
speed | d. | Inertia |
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24.
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A bottle opener is a(n) ____.
a. | first-class lever | c. | third-class lever | b. | second-class lever | d. | inclined plane |
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25.
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An object that has a ____ will accelerate in the direction of the force.
a. | normal force | c. | frictional force | b. | net force | d. | speed |
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26.
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____ is the rate at which an object covers a given distance.
a. | Acceleration | c. | Force | b. | Speed | d. | Motion |
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27.
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____ is NOT a force.
a. | Gravity | c. | Friction | b. | Mass | d. | all of these |
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28.
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A 1-cm screw with a 4-cm thread would have a mechanical advantage of
____.
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29.
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Stepping from a wagon and watching the wagon move away from you is an example of
Newton’s ____ law.
a. | first | c. | third | b. | second | d. | gravitational |
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30.
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The ability to cause change is ____.
a. | heat | c. | energy | b. | transformation | d. | conduction |
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31.
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The average kinetic energy of the atoms in an object determines its ____.
a. | speed | c. | mass | b. | temperature | d. | specific heat |
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32.
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Materials that do not transfer heat easily are ____.
a. | thermals | c. | insulators | b. | conductors | d. | enzymes |
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33.
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At 0°C on the Celsius temperature scale, ____.
a. | all chemical bonds are broken | b. | water freezes | c. | water
boils | d. | all particle motion stops |
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34.
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In a chemical reaction, it takes energy to ____.
a. | break chemical bonds | c. | lower the temperature | b. | stop the
reaction | d. | activate a
catalyst |
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35.
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An example of heat transfer by convection is the ____.
a. | melting of ice | b. | formation of air currents | c. | heating of the
ground by sunlight | d. | formation of chemical
bonds |
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36.
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The total amount of energy in the universe ____.
a. | is always increasing | b. | varies from moment to
moment | c. | remains the same | d. | is always
decreasing |
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37.
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Kinetic energy plays a role in each of the following EXCEPT a ____.
a. | moving soccer ball | b. | skydiver falling toward
Earth | c. | skier standing at the top of a hill | d. | car traveling at 40
mph |
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38.
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An example of an exothermic reaction is____.
a. | photosynthesis | b. | the explosion of dynamite | c. | the formation of
water from oxygen and hydrogen | d. | the boiling of
water |
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39.
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The scientist who described the law of conservation of energy is ____.
a. | Celsius | c. | Kelvin | b. | Fahrenheit | d. | Joule |
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40.
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The transfer of energy from warmer to cooler objects is known as ____.
a. | heat | c. | temperature | b. | conservation | d. | absolute zero |
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41.
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A bouncing rubber ball has each of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. | kinetic energy | c. | heat | b. | potential energy | d. | temperature |
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42.
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The conversion of carbon dioxide and water to oxygen and sugar in photosynthesis
is an example of a(n) ____.
a. | exothermic reaction | c. | enzymatic reaction | b. | transfer reaction | d. | endothermic
reaction |
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43.
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Radiation involves the transfer of energy by ____.
a. | particle collisions | c. | air flow | b. | waves | d. | temperature
differences |
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44.
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The spring inside a moving wind-up toy has ____.
a. | potential energy only | b. | kinetic energy only | c. | both potential
energy and kinetic energy | d. | neither potential energy nor kinetic
energy |
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45.
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To change the rate of a chemical reaction in a beaker you can do all of these
EXCEPT ____.
a. | lift the beaker | c. | raise the temperature | b. | add a
catalyst | d. | lower the
temperature |
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46.
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If the amount of energy required to boil a pot of water were added to a swimming
pool, the water in the pool would
a. | boil | c. | warm | b. | change very little | d. | cool |
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47.
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How does an endothermic reaction take place when some kinds of cookie dough are
baked?
a. | Chemicals in the dough produce heat that makes the cookies rise. | b. | Energy released by
the flour makes the cookies rise. | c. | Baking soda absorbs energy and produces a gas
that makes the cookies rise. | d. | Radiation from the oven alone makes the cookies
rise. |
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48.
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Exothermic reactions ____.
a. | absorb water | c. | absorb energy | b. | involve radiation | d. | release energy |
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49.
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As a snowflake falls, it ____.
a. | loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy | b. | loses potential
energy and gains kinetic energy | c. | gains both potential and kinetic
energy | d. | loses both potential and kinetic energy |
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50.
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The motion of atoms in all directions in solids, liquids, and gases is called
____.
a. | radiation | c. | random motion | b. | convection | d. | magnetism |
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51.
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In a chemical reaction, ____.
a. | compounds are broken down | c. | both a and b | b. | new compounds are
formed | d. | neither a nor
b |
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52.
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The energy conversion in an electric generator is
a. | mechanical to electrical. | c. | chemical to
electrical. | b. | electrical to mechanical. | d. | electrical to chemical. |
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53.
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A group of iron atoms whose magnetic poles are oriented in the same direction
are a(n)
a. | electromagnet. | c. | magnetic domain. | b. | magnetic field. | d. | magnetic pole |
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
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54.
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Matter is anything that you can see and that takes up space.
_________________________
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55.
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Metalloids are elements that have characteristics of both metals and
nonmetals. _________________________
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56.
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J. J. Thompson’s experiments with cathode rays led to the discovery of the
neutron. _________________________
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57.
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A compound with the formula C6H12O6 is made up of three atoms.
_________________________
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58.
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Fruit salad is an example of a heterogeneous mixture.
_________________________
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59.
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Acceleration is a rate that can describe how speed or direction is
changing. _________________________
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60.
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A compound machine is a combination of simple machines.
_________________________
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61.
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A combination of pulleys increases the effort force, so the mechanical advantage
is greater than one. _________________________
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62.
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Average speed does not include the time a car sits at red lights on the
way home. _________________________
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63.
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There is usually more friction on a smoother surface.
_________________________
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