Multiple Choice
Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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1.
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Most of Earth’s rain and snow comes from ____.
a. | groundwater | c. | the stratosphere | b. | rivers and lakes | d. | the oceans |
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2.
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Salinity is a measure of ____.
a. | dissolved salts | c. | sodium carbonate | b. | density | d. | dissolved gases |
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3.
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A zone in the ocean where temperatures change rapidly is the ____.
a. | thermopause | c. | temperature barrier | b. | thermocline | d. | temperature
zone |
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4.
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An ocean current only a few hundred meters deep and powered by the wind is a
____.
a. | density current | c. | tidal current | b. | wind current | d. | surface current |
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5.
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The tidal range is affected by ____.
a. | the wind | c. | frequency of the waves | b. | the position of the
Moon | d. | temperature of the
water |
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6.
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Earth’s oceans cover nearly ____ of the Earth’s surface.
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7.
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The water for Earth’s oceans originally came from ____.
a. | outer space | c. | the Sun | b. | rivers and lakes | d. | water vapor from
volcanoes |
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8.
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A process that needs sunlight as a source of energy to make food is ____.
a. | photosynthesis | c. | thermosynthesis | b. | chemosynthesis | d. | aerobicsynthesis |
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9.
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The layer in the ocean where the temperature varies with depth is called the
____.
a. | isotherm | c. | temperature gradient | b. | thermocline | d. | temperature
barrier |
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10.
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If the California Current stopped flowing, the temperature in San Francisco
would probably be ____.
a. | warmer | c. | the same | b. | cooler | d. | more variable |
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11.
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Erosion caused by waves can destroy ____.
a. | rocky shorelines | c. | beaches | b. | sandy shorelines | d. | all of the
above |
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12.
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Upwelling occurs when ____.
a. | deep cold water with nutrients rises to the surface | b. | water is blown in
toward the beaches | c. | El Niños occur | d. | all of the
above |
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13.
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The horizontal distance between the highest or lowest points of two successive
waves is the ____.
a. | crest | c. | trough | b. | tidal range | d. | wavelength |
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14.
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When the top of a wave moves faster than the bottom of a wave, the wave
collapses, forming a(n) ____.
a. | trough | c. | breaker | b. | upwelling | d. | density current |
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15.
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Tides are caused by ____.
a. | winds | c. | density currents | b. | gravitational pull | d. | all of the
above |
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Completion
Complete each
statement.
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Write the correct terms in the blanks, using the descriptions below.
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16.
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long, large wave caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun
____________________.
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17.
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wind-driven currents ____________________.
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18.
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layer of seawater that changes temperature rapidly ____________________.
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19.
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tiny marine producers in the upper layer of the ocean
____________________.
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20.
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organisms that eat producers ____________________.
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21.
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a current that brings deep, nutrient-rich water to the surface
____________________.
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22.
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the way energy is transferred from producers to consumers to decomposers
____________________.
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23.
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deep-water currents caused by cold water sinking and pushing up warmer water
____________________.
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24.
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swimming organisms such as shrimp and halibut ____________________.
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25.
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organisms that make their own food ____________________.
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26.
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a measure of the amount of salts dissolved in the ocean
____________________.
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Choose the term in parentheses that correctly completes the
sentence.
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27.
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The oceans produce ____________________ (20%, 50%, 70%) of the world’s
oxygen.
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28.
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Ocean water at the mouth of a large river would have a salinity
____________________ (greater than, less than, the same as) the water in the middle of the
ocean.
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29.
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If you have ever walked into a lake, or even a swimming pool, and noticed cold
water around your feet while there was warm water around your arms and shoulders, you have
experienced ____________________ (a density current, an isotherm, a thermocline).
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30.
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Surface currents are caused by ____________________ (wind, tides,
density).
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31.
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The California Current makes the city of San Francisco ____________________
(colder than, warmer than, the same temperature as) the interior of the state.
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32.
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Fishermen hope for ____________________ (density currents, upwellings, El Ninos)
because they cause fish to thrive.
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33.
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Waves carry ____________________ (energy, force, matter).
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34.
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Tides are caused by ____________________ (the wind, density currents, the
Moon’s gravitational forces).
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35.
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A collection of organisms and the nonliving factors that affect them is
____________________ (an ecosystem,a community, a population).
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36.
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Twenty-five percent of all marine species live around ____________________ (the
Gulf Stream, coral reefs,deep water trenches).
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37.
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____________________ live on or near the ocean floor and eat partially
decomposed material.
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38.
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A(n) ____________________ is a rhythmic disturbance that carries energy.
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39.
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Steep cliffs are carved out by ____________________.
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40.
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Surface currents bend to the right in the northern hemisphere because of
the____________________.
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41.
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____________________ is a measure of the amount of salts dissolved in
seawater.
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42.
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The highest point of a wave is its ____________________, and the lowest point is
its____________________.
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43.
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____________________ percent of Earth’s oxygen comes from the
ocean.
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44.
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Rivers and groundwater add minerals to the ocean that affect its
____________________.
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45.
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The two most plentiful elements in the dissolved salts in seawater are
____________________.
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46.
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The three temperature layers of the ocean are the ____________________ layer the
____________________ layer and the ____________________ layer.
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47.
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Surface currents are caused by ____________________.
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48.
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Water becomes more dense with an increase in ____________________ and a decrease
in ____________________.
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49.
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Fish are attracted to areas of ____________________ because the cold water
contains high concentrations of nutrients.
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50.
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A(n) ____________________ is a rhythmic movement that carries energy through
water.
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51.
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After a wave breaks, ____________________ pulls the water back into the
ocean.
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52.
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A time when high tides are higher and low tides are lower is a(n)
____________________ tide.
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53.
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Cliffs are one result of wave ____________________.
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54.
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____________________ are organisms that return nutrients to the food
chain.
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55.
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Through the food chain, ____________________ is transferred from producers to
consumers and decomposers.
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56.
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Organisms that can make their own food are ____________________.
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57.
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Ecosystems that contain about 25 percent of all marine species are
____________________ ecosystems.
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Short Answer
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58.
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Place the following steps in the formation of Earth’s oceans in the proper
order by writing the numbers 1 through 4 on the lines provided.
_____ Water accumulated in the
lowest parts of Earth’s surface.
_____ Water vapor condensed to form clouds.
_____
Volcanoes erupted, releasing lava, ash, and gases including water vapor.
_____ Torrential rains
began to fall from the clouds.
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59.
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Arthur C. Clarke, the science fiction author, said it is inappropriate to call
our planet Earth, when clearly it is Ocean. Why would he say that?
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60.
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Would you expect water off the beaches of southern California to be warmer or
cooler than water off the beaches of Florida. Why?
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61.
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How did the steep cliffs along the coast of England form?
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62.
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Explain upwelling and tell why fishers look forward to it.
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63.
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You visited the seashore one summer and there was a wide beach. When you visited
the next year the sand was gone and there was nothing but rocks. How do you explain this?
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64.
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How do breakers form?
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65.
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List three ways the oceans affect your life even though you might not live on a
coastline.
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66.
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How did Earth's oceans form?
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67.
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How does oxygen get into seawater? How is it removed?
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68.
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If pressure increases 1 atmosphere for every 10 m you descend in the ocean, what
is the pressure at 30 m?
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69.
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Explain how the Gulf Stream influences climates.
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70.
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What could stop a density current from flowing?
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71.
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Why do fishermen look forward to upwelling?
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72.
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Describe how a wave forms and what influences a wave's height.
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73.
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Explain how breakers form.
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74.
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How do tides form?
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Modified True/False
Indicate
whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
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75.
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Most rain and snow comes from evaporation of lakes and rivers.
_________________________
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76.
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Over three billion years ago, water vapor from volcanoes escaped into outer
space and condensed into clouds. _________________________
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77.
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Erupting volcanoes add elements such as sulfur and chlorine to ocean
water. _________________________
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78.
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The deep-water layer in the ocean is very cold.
_________________________
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79.
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The turning of ocean currents to the right in the northern hemisphere and to the
left in the southern hemisphere is known as upwelling. _________________________
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80.
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Density currents flow deep down in the ocean.
_________________________
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81.
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The highest point on a wave is its trough.
_________________________
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82.
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The water in a wave moves with the wave. _________________________
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83.
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The warm water of the California Current helps moderate Iceland's
climate. _________________________
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