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6th Grade Final Review



Completion
Complete each statement.
 

 1. 

Waves are ____________________ if they bounce off a surface.
 

 

 2. 

Mechanical waves can be transverse or ____________________ waves.
 

 

 3. 

The property of waves that allows them to bend around a barrier is ____________________.
 

 

 4. 

Waves may bend if they move from one ____________________ to another.
 

 

 5. 

Waves do not carry matter, but they do carry ____________________.
 

 

 6. 

Wavelength, frequency, amplitude, and ____________________ are four characteristics of waves that can change.
 

 

 7. 

In visible light, color is an indication of ____________________.
 

 

 8. 

The common name for the reflection of sound waves is an ____________________.
 

 

 9. 

In a compressional wave, one wavelength is the distance between adjacent compressions or adjacent ____________________.
 

 

 10. 

Light waves travel more ____________________ as they enter water.
 

 

 11. 

When light is reflected from a rough surface, the reflected light ____________________, producing no image.
 

 

 12. 

Waves ____________________ best when their wavelength is similar in size to the opening they are moving through.
 

 

 13. 

the innermost layer of Earth’s interior ____________________.
 

 

 14. 

one plate sinking under another ____________________.
 

 

 15. 

mountains made of huge, tilted blocks of rocks surrounding faults ____________________.
 

 

 16. 

mountains made when forces inside Earth push up the crust ____________________.
 

 

 17. 

magma that reaches the surface ____________________.
 

 

 18. 

largest layer of Earth’s interior ____________________.
 

 

 19. 

Earth’s outermost layer ____________________.
 

 

 20. 

sections of the lithosphere ____________________.
 

 

 21. 

made of molten metal ____________________.
 

 

 22. 

fracture in rocks where movement occurs ____________________.
 

 

 23. 

mountains formed by folding rock layers ____________________.
 

 

 24. 

mountains made of lava ____________________.
 

 

 25. 

Natural process that causes rock to break and crumble ____________________.
 

 

 26. 

Breaking down rock by changing its chemical composition ____________________.
 

 

 27. 

Sandblasting of rock by wind-blown particles ____________________.
 

 

 28. 

Gravity causing rock or sediment to move downhill ____________________.
 

 

 29. 

Breaking up rock without changing it chemically ____________________.
 

 

 30. 

A mixture of weathered rock, organic matter, air, and water ____________________.
 

 

 31. 

Removal of small loose particles of rock by the wind ____________________.
 

 

 32. 

Wearing away and removal of rock material ____________________.
 

 

 33. 

The flow of water over Earth’s surface ____________________.
 

 

 34. 

Two important causes of chemical weathering are ____________________ and ____________________.
 

 

 35. 

Two important causes of mechanical weathering are ____________________ and ____________________.
 

 

 36. 

Freezing and thawing cause rocks to break because the volume of ice is ____________________ that of the same amount of water.
 

 

 37. 

Acid rain causes a ____________________ change in rock.
 

 

 38. 

Melting glaciers deposit ____________________, sediment ranging from sand or clay to huge rocks.
 

 

 39. 

Rivers flowing from melting glaciers deposit ____________________ consisting mostly of sand and gravel.
 

 

 40. 

Glaciers can erode rock by ____________________ the rock below, or by ____________________ large pieces of rock.
 

 

 41. 

When freezing and thawing cause sediments to move slowly downhill, ____________________ takes place.
 

 

 42. 

____________________ causes rocks and loose sediments to travel downward.
 

 
 
Write the correct terms in the blanks, using the descriptions below.
 

 43. 

long, large wave caused by the gravitational pull of the Moon and Sun ____________________.
 

 

 44. 

wind-driven currents ____________________.
 

 

 45. 

layer of seawater that changes temperature rapidly ____________________.
 

 

 46. 

tiny marine producers in the upper layer of the ocean ____________________.
 

 

 47. 

organisms that eat producers ____________________.
 

 

 48. 

a current that brings deep, nutrient-rich water to the surface ____________________.
 

 

 49. 

the way energy is transferred from producers to consumers to decomposers ____________________.
 

 

 50. 

deep-water currents caused by cold water sinking and pushing up warmer water ____________________.
 

 

 51. 

swimming organisms such as shrimp and halibut ____________________.
 

 

 52. 

organisms that make their own food ____________________.
 

 

 53. 

a measure of the amount of salts dissolved in the ocean ____________________.
 

 
 
Choose the term in parentheses that correctly completes the sentence.
 

 54. 

The oceans produce ____________________ (20%, 50%, 70%) of the world’s oxygen.
 

 

 55. 

Ocean water at the mouth of a large river would have a salinity ____________________ (greater than, less than, the same as) the water in the middle of the ocean.
 

 

 56. 

If you have ever walked into a lake, or even a swimming pool, and noticed cold water around your feet while there was warm water around your arms and shoulders, you have experienced ____________________ (a density current, an isotherm, a thermocline).
 

 

 57. 

Surface currents are caused by ____________________ (wind, tides, density).
 

 

 58. 

The California Current makes the city of San Francisco ____________________ (colder than, warmer than, the same temperature as) the interior of the state.
 

 

 59. 

Fishermen hope for ____________________ (density currents, upwellings, El Ninos) because they cause fish to thrive.
 

 

 60. 

Waves carry ____________________ (energy, force, matter).
 

 

 61. 

Tides are caused by ____________________ (the wind, density currents, the Moon’s gravitational forces).
 

 

 62. 

A collection of organisms and the nonliving factors that affect them is ____________________ (an ecosystem,a community, a population).
 

 

 63. 

Twenty-five percent of all marine species live around ____________________ (the Gulf Stream, coral reefs,deep water trenches).
 

 

 64. 

____________________ live on or near the ocean floor and eat partially decomposed material.
 

 

 65. 

A(n) ____________________ is a rhythmic disturbance that carries energy.
 

 

 66. 

Steep cliffs are carved out by ____________________.
 

 

 67. 

Surface currents bend to the right in the northern hemisphere because of the____________________.
 

 

 68. 

____________________ is a measure of the amount of salts dissolved in seawater.
 

 

 69. 

The highest point of a wave is its ____________________, and the lowest point is its____________________.
 

 

Multiple Choice
Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
 

 70. 

Waves can ____ when they move from one medium to another.
a.
disappear
c.
bend
b.
interfere
d.
split
 

 71. 

A(n) ____ wave DOES NOT need matter for energy transfer.
a.
electromagnetic
c.
compressional
b.
mechanical
d.
sound
 

 72. 

In a mechanical ____ wave, matter moves at a right angle to the wave direction.
a.
compressional
c.
light
b.
transverse
d.
electromagnetic
 

 73. 

The speed of sound in water is ____ the speed of sound in air.
a.
greater than
c.
equal to
b.
less than
d.
not greater than
 

 74. 

A region of spread-out particles in a compressional wave is called a(n) ____.
a.
compression
c.
interference
b.
rarefaction
d.
medium
 

 75. 

Waves can combine with each other; this is called ____.
a.
interference
c.
compression
b.
wave addition
d.
rarefaction
 

 76. 

Wave frequency is the ____ of waves passing a given point per second.
a.
amplitude
c.
speed
b.
wavelength
d.
number
 

 77. 

In a(n) ____ wave, matter moves back and forth in the same direction as the wave.
a.
compressional
c.
light
b.
transverse
d.
electromagnetic
 

 78. 

The action of a wave bouncing off a surface is called ____.
a.
rarefaction
c.
reflection
b.
refraction
d.
diffraction
 

 79. 

Amplitude reflects the amount of ____ in a wave.
a.
energy
c.
rarefaction
b.
compression
d.
speed
 

 80. 

A(n) ____ is the distance between a point on one wave and the identical point on the next wave.
a.
amplitude
c.
frequency
b.
wavelength
d.
compression
 

 81. 

The ____ of waves can change when the waves move from one medium to another.
a.
altitude
c.
speed
b.
amplitude
d.
compression
 

 82. 

A mechanical wave can travel only through ____.
a.
air
c.
matter
b.
water
d.
a vacuum
 

 83. 

The action of a wave bending around a barrier is called ____.
a.
reflection
c.
refraction
b.
diffraction
d.
rarefaction
 

 84. 

For significant ____ to occur, the wavelengths should match the size of the opening they are passing through.
a.
reflection
c.
refraction
b.
diffraction
d.
rarefaction
 

 85. 

Mount St. Helens formed from ____.
a.
lava
b.
sliding
c.
faults
 

 86. 

A pulling force called ____ causes plates to move apart, eventually forming new lithosphere.
a.
compression
b.
convection
c.
tension
 

 87. 

Earth’s interior has ____ distinct layers.
a.
two
b.
three
c.
four
 

 88. 

Places where the edges of different plates meet are called plate ____.
a.
rifts
b.
boundaries
c.
earthquakes
 

 89. 

The principle of ____ states that Earth’s crust and lithosphere float on the upper part of the mantle.
a.
erosion
b.
isostasy
c.
subduction
 

 90. 

All of the following examples of mass movement except ____.
a.
slump
c.
creep
b.
abrasion
d.
mudslides
 

 91. 

Chemical weathering takes place fastest in a ____ climate.
a.
hot and wet
c.
hot and dry
b.
cold and wet
d.
cold and dry
 

 92. 

Soil forms rapidly in a ____ climate.
a.
desert
c.
tropical
b.
polar
d.
mountainous
 

 93. 

If a stream slows down, deposition ____.
a.
increases
b.
decreases
c.
remains the same
d.
depends on the slope of the stream
 

 94. 

Rich soil is often found under ____.
a.
forests
c.
deserts
b.
glaciers
d.
grassy lands
 

 95. 

Cirques are caused by ____.
a.
abrasion
c.
glaciers
b.
weathering
d.
stream deposition
 

 96. 

Mass movement is caused by ____.
a.
mudflows
c.
water
b.
gravity
d.
ice
 

 97. 

Carbon dioxide and water combine to form ____.
a.
iron carbonate
c.
carbonic acid
b.
tannic acid
 

 98. 

When valley glaciers remove rock from mountain tops, large basins or bowls called ____ are carved out.
a.
craters
c.
gullies
b.
cirques
 

 99. 

When wind carrying sand slows down, it sometimes deposits sediment to form _____.
a.
rills
c.
mudslides
b.
sand dunes
 

 100. 

The most important agent of erosion on Earth’s surface is ____.
a.
ice
c.
water
b.
wind
 

 101. 

When warm air rises and cool air sinks, it is called ____.
a.
conduction
c.
clouds
b.
convection
 

 102. 

During evaporation, water ____ energy.
a.
loses
c.
absorbs
b.
gains
 

 103. 

____ clouds extend through all layers.
a.
Low
c.
Vertical
b.
High
 

 104. 

Giant rivers of ____ develop at high altitudes and are called the jet stream.
a.
water
c.
ozone
b.
air
 

 105. 

When a warm air mass and a cold air mass meet but neither advances, it is a ____.
a.
stationary
c.
cold
b.
occluded
 

 106. 

Most of Earth’s rain and snow comes from ____.
a.
groundwater
c.
the stratosphere
b.
rivers and lakes
d.
the oceans
 

 107. 

Salinity is a measure of ____.
a.
dissolved salts
c.
sodium carbonate
b.
density
d.
dissolved gases
 

 108. 

Many animals use ____ to form bones or shells.
a.
sulfur
c.
calcium
b.
sodium
d.
phosphorous
 

 109. 

Producers containing chlorophyll ____.
a.
perform photosynthesis
c.
are at the top of the food chain
b.
eat consumers
d.
are nekton
 

 110. 

A zone in the ocean where temperatures change rapidly is the ____.
a.
thermopause
c.
temperature barrier
b.
thermocline
d.
temperature zone
 

 111. 

An ocean current only a few hundred meters deep and powered by the wind is a ____.
a.
density current
c.
tidal current
b.
wind current
d.
surface current
 

 112. 

The tidal range is affected by ____.
a.
the wind
c.
frequency of the waves
b.
the position of the Moon
d.
temperature of the water
 

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the statement true.
 

 113. 

The largest part of Earth’s interior is the crust. _________________________

 

 114. 

As depth increases to the center of Earth, temperature increases. _________________________

 

 115. 

A result of moving plates is that continents do not remain in the same location over time. _________________________

 

 116. 

A mid-ocean ridge forms when plates collide. _________________________

 

 117. 

One plate sinking underneath another plate is called convection. _________________________

 

 118. 

Oxygen is the most prevalent gas in Earth’s atmosphere. _________________________

 

 119. 

One type of aerosol occurs when wind picks up salt over the ocean. _________________________

 

 120. 

For each kilometer of altitude, there is a corresponding 6.5°C temperature drop. _________________________

 

 121. 

Rising air indicates high pressure. _________________________

 

 122. 

An air mass can acquire the characteristics of the area it covers. _________________________

 

True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
 

 123. 

High-pitched sounds have high frequencies, and low-pitched sounds have low frequencies.
 

 124. 

Amplitude and frequency may vary in waves, but all waves travel at the same speed.
 

 125. 

Waves travel in straight lines and therefore cannot bend as they pass through a narrow opening.
 

 126. 

Mechanical waves transmit matter, while electromagnetic waves transmit energy.
 

 127. 

When you watch lightning, the light reaches you before the sound of the accompanying thunder because light travels faster than sound.
 

 128. 

Diffraction causes diamonds and other gems to sparkle.
 

 129. 

In a mechanical compressional wave, the wave energy causes the matter in the medium to move up and down or back and forth at right angles to the direction the wave travels.
 

 130. 

A group of molecules that are squeezed together is called a compression.
 



 
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