Completion Complete each
statement.
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Vocabulary Review Unscramble the terms in italics next to their
definition.
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1.
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latstayc: substance that changes the rate of chemical reactions without
changing its own structure ____________________
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2.
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fntorsaimotnar: change of energy from one form to another
____________________
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3.
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teikinc: energy of objects in motion ____________________
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4.
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slationur: material that doesn’t allow heat to be conducted easily
____________________
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5.
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alw fo sornacetoniv fo gerney: Energy cannot be created or destroyed.
____________________
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6.
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dinutconoc: transfer of energy from particle to particle when there is a
temperature difference ____________________
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7.
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greyen: ability to cause change ____________________
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8.
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athe: thermal energy that moves from a warmer to a cooler object
____________________
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9.
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eptilonta: stored energy ____________________
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10.
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tadaiorin: energy that travels in waves in all directions from its source
____________________
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11.
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urepattmere: measure of the average kinetic energy of particles
____________________
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12.
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ontrechidem: reaction that absorbs energy ____________________
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13.
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iheccalm: energy stored within chemical bonds ____________________
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14.
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ovitocencn: transfer of energy when particles move from place to place
where there is a temperature difference ____________________
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15.
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tixocemreh: reaction that gives off energy ____________________
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Complete the following sentences using the terms listed below.
thermals | conductors | enzymes | catalysts | chemical bonds | | | | | |
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16.
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____________________ are materials that transfer thermal energy easily.
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17.
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Columns of warm air that are forced up as cold air sinks are
____________________.
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18.
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____________________ are the forces that hold the particles in a substance
together.
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19.
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Substances that change the rate of a chemical reaction without themselves being
changed are ____________________.
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20.
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In your body, ____________________ speed up cell processes.
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21.
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If an object has energy, then that object has the ability to cause
____________________.
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22.
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Any change of energy from one form to another is called a(n)
____________________.
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23.
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The higher a hill, the more ____________________ energy a skier has at the top
and the more ____________________ energy while skiing down.
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24.
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The statement that the total amount of energy in the universe never changes is
called the ____________________.
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25.
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The measure of the average ____________________ of particles in a material is
called temperature.
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26.
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The Fahrenheit temperature scale is used mainly in ____________________ and
____________________.
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27.
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Energy moves from the Sun to Earth by ____________________.
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28.
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Energy moves through ocean currents by ____________________.
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29.
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Cooking pans have handles made of materials that are ____________________ of
heat.
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30.
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When we move, our muscles transform chemical energy from our food into
____________________ energy and heat.
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31.
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Heat is ____________________ by food as it cooks.
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32.
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In photosynthesis, the cells in green plants convert energy from sunlight into
____________________energy in a type of sugar.
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33.
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Catalysts in the body are called ____________________.
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34.
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A(n) ____________________ in saliva acts as a catalyst to break down
starches.
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Short Answer
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For each of the following examples, determine which type of heat transfer is
illustrated.
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35.
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Food is cooked in a microwave oven.
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36.
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A breeze blows along the ocean shore on a hot day.
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37.
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Food is cooked on a gas stove.
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38.
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Food is cooked on a barbecue grill.
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39.
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Is combustion an exothermic reaction or an endothermic reaction? Is
photosynthesis an exothermic reaction or an endothermic reaction?
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Multiple Choice Identify the
choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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40.
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The ability to cause change is ____.
a. | heat | c. | energy | b. | transformation | d. | conduction |
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41.
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The average kinetic energy of the atoms in an object determines its ____.
a. | speed | c. | mass | b. | temperature | d. | specific heat |
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42.
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Materials that do not transfer heat easily are ____.
a. | thermals | c. | insulators | b. | conductors | d. | enzymes |
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43.
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At 0°C on the Celsius temperature scale, ____.
a. | all chemical bonds are broken | b. | water freezes | c. | water
boils | d. | all particle motion stops |
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44.
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In a chemical reaction, it takes energy to ____.
a. | break chemical bonds | c. | lower the temperature | b. | stop the
reaction | d. | activate a
catalyst |
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45.
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An example of heat transfer by convection is the ____.
a. | melting of ice | b. | formation of air currents | c. | heating of the
ground by sunlight | d. | formation of chemical
bonds |
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46.
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The total amount of energy in the universe ____.
a. | is always increasing | b. | varies from moment to
moment | c. | remains the same | d. | is always
decreasing |
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47.
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Kinetic energy plays a role in each of the following EXCEPT a ____.
a. | moving soccer ball | b. | skydiver falling toward
Earth | c. | skier standing at the top of a hill | d. | car traveling at 40
mph |
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48.
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An example of an exothermic reaction is____.
a. | photosynthesis | b. | the explosion of dynamite | c. | the formation of
water from oxygen and hydrogen | d. | the boiling of
water |
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49.
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The scientist who described the law of conservation of energy is ____.
a. | Celsius | c. | Kelvin | b. | Fahrenheit | d. | Joule |
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50.
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The transfer of energy from warmer to cooler objects is known as ____.
a. | heat | c. | temperature | b. | conservation | d. | absolute zero |
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51.
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A bouncing rubber ball has each of the following EXCEPT ____.
a. | kinetic energy | c. | heat | b. | potential energy | d. | temperature |
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52.
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The conversion of carbon dioxide and water to oxygen and sugar in photosynthesis
is an example of a(n) ____.
a. | exothermic reaction | c. | enzymatic reaction | b. | transfer reaction | d. | endothermic
reaction |
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53.
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Radiation involves the transfer of energy by ____.
a. | particle collisions | c. | air flow | b. | waves | d. | temperature
differences |
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54.
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The spring inside a moving wind-up toy has ____.
a. | potential energy only | b. | kinetic energy only | c. | both potential
energy and kinetic energy | d. | neither potential energy nor kinetic
energy |
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55.
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To change the rate of a chemical reaction in a beaker you can do all of these
EXCEPT ____.
a. | lift the beaker | c. | raise the temperature | b. | add a
catalyst | d. | lower the
temperature |
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56.
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If the amount of energy required to boil a pot of water were added to a swimming
pool, the water in the pool would
a. | boil | c. | warm | b. | change very little | d. | cool |
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57.
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How does an endothermic reaction take place when some kinds of cookie dough are
baked?
a. | Chemicals in the dough produce heat that makes the cookies rise. | b. | Energy released by
the flour makes the cookies rise. | c. | Baking soda absorbs energy and produces a gas
that makes the cookies rise. | d. | Radiation from the oven alone makes the cookies
rise. |
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58.
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Exothermic reactions ____.
a. | absorb water | c. | absorb energy | b. | involve radiation | d. | release energy |
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59.
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As a snowflake falls, it ____.
a. | loses kinetic energy and gains potential energy | b. | loses potential
energy and gains kinetic energy | c. | gains both potential and kinetic
energy | d. | loses both potential and kinetic energy |
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60.
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The motion of atoms in all directions in solids, liquids, and gases is called
____.
a. | radiation | c. | random motion | b. | convection | d. | magnetism |
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61.
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In a chemical reaction, ____.
a. | compounds are broken down | c. | both a and b | b. | new compounds are
formed | d. | neither a nor
b |
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62.
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Energy occurs in ____.
a. | only one form | c. | only three forms | b. | only two forms | d. | many forms |
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63.
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What are the two main types of energy that relate to motion?
a. | conduction and convection | c. | potential and
kinetic | b. | solar and thermal | d. | radiation and heat |
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64.
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A rock sitting on top of a cliff has ____.
a. | kinetic energy | c. | potential energy | b. | no energy | d. | radiation
energy |
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65.
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As the temperature of a material increases, the average ____ of its particles
also increases.
a. | specific heat | c. | mass | b. | kinetic energy | d. | potential
energy |
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66.
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What is the freezing point of water on the Celsius temperature scale?
a. | 0°C | c. | 100°C | b. | –100°C | d. | 273°C |
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67.
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Which one of the following statements describes the flow of heat?
a. | Energy moves from a warmer object to a cooler object. | b. | Energy moves from a
cooler object to a warmer object. | c. | Energy moves only between two warm
objects. | d. | Energy moves only between two cold objects. |
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68.
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A material that reduces the flow of heat by conduction, convection, and
radiation is called a(n) ____.
a. | conductor | c. | insulator | b. | condenser | d. | radiator |
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69.
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Which type of energy transfer occurs even in a vacuum?
a. | combustion | c. | convection | b. | radiation | d. | conduction |
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70.
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Which one of the following is NOT a good conductor of heat?
a. | air | c. | copper | b. | aluminum | d. | silver |
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71.
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Where is the chemical energy in a material stored?
a. | the nucleus | c. | the protons | b. | the electrons | d. | the bonds between
atoms |
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72.
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Which one of the following is correct concerning the breaking of a chemical
bond?
a. | Only electricity can break a chemical bond. | b. | Energy is never
released from the breaking of a bond. | c. | Only heat can break a chemical
bond. | d. | When a bond is broken, energy is added and released. |
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73.
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Which type of chemical reaction needs to absorb energy to proceed?
a. | exothermic | c. | explosion | b. | endothermic | d. | radiation |
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74.
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Which one of the following is NOT an example of a chemical reaction that is
exothermic?
a. | the breakdown of water into hydrogen gas and oxygen gas | b. | a chemical hand
warmer | c. | the burning of charcoal | d. | the explosion of
dynamite |
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75.
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Which one of the following statements is true about catalysts?
a. | They are required for a chemical reaction to take place. | b. | They change the rate
of a chemical reaction without being used up. | c. | They change the rate of a chemical reaction but
are always used up. | d. | They can only slow down the rate of a chemical
reaction. |
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True/False Indicate whether the
statement is true or false.
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76.
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During energy transformations, sometimes energy is destroyed.
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77.
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When you are swinging on a playground swing, your potential energy is greatest
at the highest point.
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78.
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The greater the average kinetic energy of an object, the lower the temperature
of that object.
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79.
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A vinyl-covered seat conducts heat slower than a fabric-covered seat.
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80.
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When you pick up an ice cube, the heat from your hand transfers to the
ice.
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81.
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The stored potential energy within chemical bonds is called chemical
energy.
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82.
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Photosynthesis is primarily an exothermic reaction.
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83.
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Catalysts are used in the production of many consumer goods such as vegetable
shortening and synthetic rubber.
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Matching
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Match each term with the correct statement below. a. | conduction | c. | heat | b. | convection | d. | radiation |
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84.
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the movement of thermal energy from warm objects to cool objects
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85.
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Thermals in the air are due to this.
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86.
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type of energy movement used by microwave ovens
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87.
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reason why the handle of a spoon with only its bottom part in a pan of hot
water can get hot
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Match each term with the correct description below. a. | endothermic | d. | potential energy | b. | exothermic | e. | temperature | c. | kinetic
energy |
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88.
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energy of motion
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89.
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celsius scale measures this
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90.
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energy of position
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91.
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a reaction that absorbs energy
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92.
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a reaction that releases energy
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