Name: 

When a substance burns, matter is destroyed. _________________________

Elements on the far right of the periodic table are classified as nonmetals. _________________________

Substances are either elements or mixtures. _________________________

Thompson's experiments led to the discovery of the neutron. _________________________

The closer an electron is to the nucleus, the lower its energy. _________________________

Every atom of the same element has the same atomic number. _________________________

For an atom to be neutral, the number of protons must equal the number of neutrons. _________________________

Matter always has mass. _________________________

Matter that has the same composition and properties throughout is called a(n) ____.

When two pure substances are combined so that each of the pure substances retains its own properties, the result is a(n) ____.

All ____ except mercury are solids at room temperature.

How many atoms of calcium are in a unit of calcium phosphate whose formula is Ca₃(PO₄)₂?

In general, nonmetals are ____.

In general, metals are ____.

When Rutherford performed his metal foil experiment, he was surprised that most of the alpha particles ____.

Water and hydrogen peroxide have different properties because ____.

Which of these statements about matter is NOT true?

The millions of compounds that exist are made from approximately ____ elements.

Most of the mass of an atom is found in its ____.

Vegetable soup is an example of a ____.

When someone stirs cocoa powder into hot water or hot milk, the cocoa changes from a ____.

A certain atom has 26 protons, 26 electrons, and 30 neutrons. It mass number is ____.

Which of the following CANNOT be classified as matter?

____ has mass and takes up space.

All matter is made up of particles called ____________________.

If pure gold is classified as 24-karat gold, then 10-karat gold must be a ____________________ mixture.

Elements on the left side of the periodic table are classified as ____________________.

A pillowcase full of Halloween candy is a ____________________ mixture.

For material to be classified as a pure ____________________, every bit of it must have the same properties.

Elements that have properties halfway between those of metals and nonmetals, are classified as ____________________.

Rutherford's contribution to atomic models was the discovery of the ____________________.

Chlorine-35 and chlorine-37 are examples of ____________________.

Chlorine-35 and chlorine-37 have a different number of ____________________.

Copper has two isotopes that are fairly common in nature: copper-63 and copper-65. The average atomic mass for copper is 63.546 u. Which isotope of copper is more common? Explain.

The metal copper forms three different compounds with the nonmetal oxygen. Based on the following ratio of copper to oxygen, write formulas for the three compounds:
(a) 1 to 1; (b) 2 to 1; (c) 4 to 1.

The metal aluminum forms the following compounds with nonmetals: aluminum fluoride (AlF₃), aluminum nitride (AlN₄), aluminum carbide (Al₄C₃), and aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃). What is the ratio of nonmetal atoms to metal atoms in each compound?

Describe a method you could use to separate a mixture of sand and sugar.

Is gasoline a compound, a homogenous mixture, or a heterogeneous mixture? (Keep in mind that hi-test gasoline has a higher octane level than regular gasoline.) Explain your answer.

Suppose a freezer tray is filled with distilled water. If one of the ice cubes from the tray is placed in a glass of distilled water, how should the contents of the glass be classified?

Scientists used to think electrons moved in orbits around the nucleus. How do scientists currently describe the movement of electrons?

The lowest energy level of an atom is filled. Its second level contains three additional electrons. What type of atom is it? Explain your answer.

Find the names of each of the following elements on the periodic table: Ag, As, Ca, Cl, I, Ir, Si, Ti. Classify each element as a metal, nonmetal, or metalloid.

Except during World War II when steel pennies were made, pennies minted before 1984 were made entirely of copper. Pennies made later have a core of zinc covered by a thin layer of copper. Nickels contain about 25% copper and 75% nickel. Classify each type of coin in terms of elements, compounds, homogeneous mixtures, and heterogeneous mixtures.

Use the example of inflating a flat tire after a repair to explain why air is matter.

How are the airplane models that can be bought at a toy or hobby shop different from the models that scientists have made of atoms?

Give four examples of properties of nonmetals that are exactly the opposite of properties of metals.

Oxygen gas normally exists as O₂ molecules. Each molecule contains two oxygen atoms. Is O₂ a compound? Explain your answer.

Lavoisier used the burning of wood to demonstrate conservation of mass. Explain why burning wood in a fireplace does not duplicate the experimental setup Lavoisier must have used.

How did Thomson demonstrate the existence of the electron?

What did Rutherford expect to happen when he bombarded metal foil with alpha particles? How did his results change the model of the atom?

The operating system and programs that run on a computer depend on tiny electrical circuit boards called chips, which are made of materials called semi-conductors. Based on the label "semi-conductor," which type of element would you predict is used to make computer chips? Explain.

Discuss the likelihood that the current model of the atom will be the final model of the atom.

Suppose you found a sample of an element with the following properties: it is a dim yellow solid at room temperature, which shatters when hit with a hammer. How would you classify the element, and where would you expect to find it on the periodic table? Explain.

Draw models of lithium-6 and lithium-7, two isotopes of lithium. Locate and label the subatomic particles in each model. How do the two models differ?

Consider the following stages in preparing a homemade birthday cake: (A) Place ingredients such as flour, sugar, and eggs into a mixing bowl; (B) Stir the ingredients to form a batter; (C) Pour the batter into two baking pans; (D) Bake as directed and cool on a baking rack; (E) Spread a raspberry filling between the layers of cooled cake; (F) Coat the cake with a butter frosting. At which stages is it a heterogeneous mixture?